Samad Hoseini; Abbas Yazdani
Abstract
According to materialist neo-Darwinists, life and all things related to it are merely the results of the operation of material laws, and no immaterial or transcendental factor has been ...
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According to materialist neo-Darwinists, life and all things related to it are merely the results of the operation of material laws, and no immaterial or transcendental factor has been involved. Therefore, in order to provide a comprehensive and ultimate explanation of living things, it is enough to know the material laws and reduce everything to these laws. Thomas Nagel, a prominent philosopher of the mind and one of the opponents of materialism, argued that the existence of life from inanimate matter was improbable, that physical laws are not self-sufficiency, that consciousness existed and that it could not be reduced to physical matters, and then natural selection theory can not explain reason. But he also critiques materialist neo-Darwinism. But it also criticizes the theistic view, arguing that it firstly creates a dilemma and explanatory gap between the mental and the physical, and secondly that it does not, as the materialists’ view, bring the explanation to an end. In contrast, he proposes the theory of panpsychism for the constitutive aspect of his view and natural teleology for its historical aspect. The purpose of this analytical-critical article is, firstly, to critique materialist neo-Darwinism using Nagel's critical views, and secondly, to argue that, based on the principle of inference of the best explanation, theism in A comparison with Nagel's materialism and the panpsychistic hypothesis is a more plausible explanation.
